Hormonal disorders occur when there is too much or too little of a hormone in the body. Hormones are chemicals that help regulate many bodily functions including growth, mood, reproduction, and metabolism. Some common hormonal disorders include:
- Hypothyroidism: This is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, and depression. It is typically treated with synthetic thyroid hormone medication.
- Hyperthyroidism: This is when the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone. It can cause unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, and irritability. Medications, radioiodine treatment, or surgery can help treat an overactive thyroid.
- Diabetes: This group of diseases is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body attacking insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes happens when the body becomes resistant to insulin. Both types can often be managed through medications, diet, and lifestyle changes.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This affects ovulation and menstruation in women. Symptoms commonly include irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity. Birth control pills and other medications can help regulate hormones and manage symptoms.
- Early or delayed puberty: Puberty that begins either significantly sooner or later than peers can indicate an underlying issue. Treatment depends on the specific disorder and may include hormone therapy.
- Disease or damage to glands that produce hormones
- Genetic conditions
- Tumors on glands
- High stress levels
- Poor diet and lack of exercise
- Being significantly over or underweight