Cognitive decline refers to a gradual worsening of mental abilities like memory, language, thinking, and judgment. As people age, some experience normal age-related cognitive changes while others develop impairments serious enough to interfere with daily life. Key terms and statements:
- Normal aging - Typical mild cognitive changes as part of growing older. Does not severely impact daily living.
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - Noticeable worsening of mental function beyond normal aging. May lead to dementia.
- Dementia - Significant loss of cognitive abilities that interferes with independence. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form.
- Risk factors - Advanced age, family history, cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle play a role. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities may help build cognitive reserve.
- Assessment - Early evaluation of changes through physical exams, cognitive testing, and brain imaging can help identify causes and rule out reversible conditions.
- Management - Treatment depends on the underlying condition but may involve medications, therapy, lifestyle changes, social support, and caregiver education.